Patellar Instability

What is patella instability?

Patella instability is a condition where the patella (kneecap) either partially or fully dislocates from its normal position in the groove at the end of the femur (thigh bone). This can cause pain, swelling and a feeling of instability in the knee joint. Sometimes this can be traumatic, but it is possible to occur with minimal trauma episodes.

Common symptoms may include a popping or snapping sensation in the knee, associated with pain and swelling around the knee cap. A complete dislocation also results in a limited range of motion.

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Underlying causes of patella instability

There are multiple reasons that the patella may have instability, which can include injury and ligament damage, but the alignment, shape of the thigh bone and its relationship to the patella can contribute to a higher risk.

Patella instability is diagnosed with a physical examination of the knee and assessment of the alignment and ligaments of the knee. An x-ray and MRI scan may be needed to evaluate the structures of the knee joint and to determine the extent of any damage to the cartilage.

If you think you may have a complete patella dislocation - please present to an emergency department as sometimes this requires urgent manipulation to return to its normal position. If you think you may have had a complete patella dislocation and get recurrent swellings of the knee, it is important you seek prompt review with an Orthopaedic Surgeon.

How is patella instability treated?

The treatment of patella instability depends on the severity of the condition and whether there is any other damage to the knee joint. In the case of isolated patella instability, a non-operative course will be prescribed which includes a dedicated rehab program usually under the supervision of a physiotherapist. This is done to strengthen the knee and help reduce the risk of further instability episodes. Occasionally a brace may be utilised to help support the knee joint.

Surgery can be indicated to either repair cartilage, stabilise the knee, or correct unfavourable causes for the instability.

Dr Eardley-Harris is trained in non-operative and operative treatments for patella instability and will work with you to tailor a plan with consideration of your knee, your goals and your function.

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Note: The information on this page is for educational purposes only and should not replace consultation with a qualified healthcare provider. Always seek professional medical advice for you, and your child's specific condition.

Meet Nathan

Adult & Paediatric Hip and Knee Surgeon

Dr Nathan Eardley-Harris has experience in providing care for patients throughout the entire spectrum of life

As an Australian-trained Orthopaedic Surgeon based in Adelaide, South Australia specialising in hip and knee surgery covering very young children to the elderly and everyone in-between, Nathan offers personalised care to help patients find the best outcomes in every unique condition.

He has subspecialty, post-fellowship training in hip preservation surgery and joint replacement, including robotic & technology-assisted surgery across all approaches, including the direct anterior approach. Through compassion, communication, collaboration & competence, Nathan aims to build patient-surgeon trust, helping you understand your condition and the options available to empower you to make better treatment decisions toward your personal recovery goals. With stronger, better-informed patient-surgeon relationships, evidence-based surgical techniques and the latest assistive technology, Nathan aims to provide patients with the best possible care.

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Together we have made the decision that surgery is the best pathway forward. Our team will discuss with you the timing and the location of your surgery, including the expected length of stay in hospital.

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Dr Eardley-Harris will sit down and plan your specific surgery to best achieve your goals. This may involve further tests needed for the planning, as well as any unique circumstances to your condition or injury.

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Following surgery you will enter the recovery room, with specialised nursing care. Here, you and your family will be informed of the findings, allowing you to be confident in the outcome. You will follow your pre-planned aftercare procedures to allow your body to recover.

Questions

Choosing surgery is a significant decision that often involves careful consideration of various factors. If you have any questions throughout your process, feel free to ask Dr Eardley-Harris' team for further clarity.

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